#A
,*ALL5GES ,FAC$
BY ,DEVELOP+ ,C.TRIES
9 ! ,PRODUC;N & ,T1*+ ( ,BRL
,PAP] PREP>$ = ! ,,UK ,,ICEB
,3F];E
,PR(4 ,,MO ,MAGUVHE
,UNIV]S;Y ( ,S\? ,AFRICA
,S*OOL ( ,$UCA;NAL ,/UDIES
,DE"P;T ( ,9CLUSIVE ,$UCA;N
"33333333333
,,PAP] ,,\TL9E
#A4 ,9TRODUC;N
,? \TL9ES ! SITUA;N "KN TO
PREVAIL 9 ! BRL PRODUC;N &
T1*+ 9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES1 MO/LY
Z X RELATES TO *ALL5GES1
PROSPECTS & P]FECT
OPPORTUNITIES = EXCELL;E4
#B4 ,DEVELOP+ C.TRIES
,A BRIEF DESCRIP;N IS GIV5
ON COMMON PROBLEMS 9 DEVELOP+
C.TRIES & _! MO/ PRESS+
ECONOMIC & POLITICAL 5GAGE;TS4
*ALL5GES FAC$ #B
#C4 ,PRODUC;N ( BRL
,! ?RU/ "H IS ON %[+ H[ BRL
IS PRODUC$ 9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES1
"PICUL>LY 9 ,S\!RN ,AFRICAN
C.TRIES ": ? PAP] ORIG9ATES4
#D4 ,T1*+ ( BRL
,"H "! IS NE$ TO %[ FACTORS
: A6ECT T1*]S 9 ! T1*+ ( BRL4
#E4 ,TE*NOLOGICAL ,ADV.E;T &
! ,PRODUC;N & ,T1*+ ( ,BRL
,"H ! FOCUS IS ON H[
TE*NOLOGICAL ADV.E;T HAS
IMPACT$ ! PRODUC;N & T1*+ (
BRL4
#F4 ,RECOMM5DA;NS
,? \TL9ES MAJOR 3C]NS RAIS$
9 ! PAP] & %[S ! MO/
,IMPORTANT >1S ( 3C]N TO 2
ADDRESS$4
#G4 ,3CLU.N
,? SEC;N SUMM>ISES :AT HAS
BE5 5GAG$ IN1 & PO9TS T[>DS !
WAY =W>D4
*ALL5GES FAC$ #C
,OBJECTIVES
,BY ! 5D ( ? PRES5TA;N !
PRES5T] WD H3
#A4 ,HI
;S+ ! B5EFITS ( EM]G+
GLOBAL *ANGE1 S* Z RE-SKILL+
OR RE-T1*+ 9 ! FACE ( NEW BRL
TE*NOLOGICAL ADV.E;T2
#B4 ,BR"\ TO ! ATT5;N (
MANUFACTUR]S_/SUPPLI]S ( HI<-
TE* BRL MA*9ES ! FACT T LATE
AVAILABIL;Y ( TRA9]S :O
9-S]VICE 5D-US] CLI5TS ON C>E1
MA9T5.E & USE ( ! MA*9ES
IMPACTS NEGATIVELY BRL
PRODUC;N & T1*+ ( M* NE$$ BRL
MAT]IALS2
#C4 ,HIE;S
AM;G ALL /AKEHOLD]S 9 ! $UCA;N
( LE>N]S ) VISUAL IMPAIR;TS1 &
"PICUL>LY ^? ) ADEQUATE BACK-
UP SY/EMS = BRL TE*NOLOGIES 9
LESS RES\RC$ C.TRIES ON
PRODUC;N & T1*+ PROBLEMS T NE$
TO 2 ADDRESS$ URG5TLY4
,AB/RACT
,DEVELOP+ C.TRIES FACE S"EAL
NEW *ALL5GES 9 ADDI;N TO OLD
PROBLEMS ) REG>DS TO !
PRODUC;N & T1*+ ( BRL4 ,OLD
*ALL5GES >E ^? T 7 REPORT$ EV5
DUR+ ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 :5 "! 0
LESS TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRESS ?AN
TD4 ,NEW] PROBLEMS RELATE TO
HUMAN RESPONSE TO TE*NOLOGICAL
PROGRESS 9 LI.D ! T1*+ (
*ALL5GES FAC$ #E
BRL MO/LY CIT$ LACK (
"KL$G1BLE MANP[] & ! L5G?Y
PROCESS ( ACQUIR+ ORD]S =
V>I\S MAT]IAL RES\RCES REQUIR$
= ! T1*+ PROCESS4 ,V SIMIL>
PO9TS 7 RAIS$ B M POIGNANTLY
ON ! PRODUC;N ( BRL4 ,)
IMPROVE;TS 9 TE*NOLOGY CAME A
/R;G 2LIEF 9 ! ADEQUACY (
SCRE5-R1D]S AM;G ]/:ILE
PAS.NATE BRL US]S1 RO2+ ! _W (
! GA9S ATTA9$ "? R1D+ = "OF4
,? IS DESPITE ! FACT T ADV.E;T
9 TE*NOLOGY AL BR"\ ) X ! FA/]
PRODUC;N ( M 9TELLIGIBLE BRL
"? ! 9TRODUC;N ( ! ,UNIV]SAL
,BRL ,CODE "<,,UBC"> & ALL XS
V>IANTS 9 ! ,5GLI%-SP1K+ _W4
,! DAWN ( FREE-W>E SCRE5 R1D]S
HELP$ _M PR9T-4ABL$ TO A3ESS
DIGITAL TEXT1 B PRES5T$ !
ILLU.N T LI/5+ IS R1D+ AM;G
_M4 ,! MY/]Y ( LOSS T SURR.DS
? IS "P ( ! 4CUS.NS 9 ! CURR5T
*ALL5GES FAC$ #F
PRES5TA;N4
,KEY ,^WS
,GLOBAL *ANGE4 ,LI/5+4
,PR9T-4ABL$4 ,R1D+4 ,SCRE5-
R1D]4
"33333333333
#A4 ,FACTORS 9FLU5C+
DEM& & SUPPLY
DYNAMICS
( BRL EQUIP;T
9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES
,! R1SONS 2H ! NOVELTY (
SU/A9ABLE PRODUC;N & T1*+ (
BRL 9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES >E N
NEW4 ,X IS AB ! OV]ALL DEF9I;N
( 8DEVELOP+ C.TRIES04 ,X IS AB
! CAPAC;Y ( 9DIVIDUAL C.TRIES
)9 ? CATEGORY1 F/LY & =EMO/ TO
S\RCE ! M1NS ( PRODUC;N " TO RUN PR9T+
9ITIATIVES4 ,SECONDLY1 X IS AL
AB POLITICAL W TO "UTAKE S*
*ALL5GES FAC$ #G
PRODUC;N1 REG>D.S ( !
PRESSURES ( 9T]NAL 3FLICTS
RESULT+ F BR1D & BUTT] ISSUES
: 3/ANTLY T]RORISE ? GR\P (
C.TRIES4
,DEVELOP+ C.TRIES AL H A
3/ANT PURGE RESULT+ F FAILURE
TO CAPITALISE ON1 & H>;S !
E6ECTS ( EM]G+ GLOBAL *ANGE1
S* Z RE-SKILL+ OR RE-TOOL+ 9 !
FACE ( NEW TE*NOLOGICAL
ADV.E;T4 ,! RESULT IS T ) !
RAPID *ANGE 9 ! FUNC;NS &
CAPAC;Y ( BRL MA*9ES "1
OBSOLESC;E /RIKES TONNES ( BR&
NEW MA*9ES " MO/LY 2C
RETAIL]S D N H FOLL[-UP TRA9+
: 9=MS 5D US]S ON H[ TO USE S*
EQUIP;T4 ,"S EQUIP;T 2COMES
OBSOLETE :ILE / LL US$ 2C
S]VICE CLI5TS D N "K H[ TO
*ALL5GES FAC$ #H
MA9TA9 _! MA*9ES4 ,BY ! "T !
89=M$0 SALES-SUPPORT AG5T
COMES1 "! WD 2 NEW MODELS (
EQUIP;T ON ! M>KET1 & /A;N]Y =
USE ) ! OLD EQUIP;T WD 2 ! F/
TO G \ ( /OCK 2F REPLACE;T "PS
= REPAIR+ DAMAG$ MA*9ES AL
2COME A PROBLEM4
,"! MAY PROBABLY 2 HUNDR$S (
BRL MA*9ES : NE$ TO 2 REPAIR$
9 S*OOLS1 "PICUL>LY 9 SPECIAL
S*OOLS 9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES1 YET
P]H !Y NE$ V M9OR REPAIRS4
,S*OOLS REQUIRE BACK-UP SY/EMS
= BRL TE*NOLOGIES 9 LESS
RES\RC$ C.TRIES : D N PRODUCE
S* MA*9ES4 ,S F>1 ? PRES5TA;N
HAS DWELT ON CAPAC;Y = MA*9E
MA9T5.E & ACQUISI;N ( /A;N]Y =
3T9U$ BRL PRODUC;N 9 9/ITU;NS
( LE>N+ 9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES4 ,!
NEXT SEC;N EXAM9ES MATT]S >.D
BRL PRODUC;N4
*ALL5GES FAC$ #I
#B4 ,B>RI]S TO
! PRODUC;N & T1*+ (
BRL
9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES
,BRL PRODUC;N IS M1NT TO
SUPPORT ! LIT]ACY NE$S ( BL &
"PIALLY SIGET$ = A RELATIVELY
SMALL FRAC;N ( ! POPULA;N 9 E
C.TRY4 ,A"P F ! BL & "PIALLY-
SIE FEW 9 DEVELOP+
*ALL5GES FAC$ #AJ
C.TRIES1 & ! DEM& = _! S]VICES
IS L[1 N 2C S*OOLS D N NE$
BOOKS OR T GOV]N;T DE"P;TS D N
NE$ BRL LIT]ATURE = PATI5TS 9
HOSPITALS OR O!R PUBLIC
(FICES4 ,DEM& = ! PRODUC;N (
S* LIT]ATURE IS MO/LY
PROHIBIT$ BY ! CO/ ( PRODUC;N
( REQUIR$ MAT]IALS1 BE>+ 9 M9D
T DEVELOP+ C.TRIES /RU7LE TO
5SURE ! AVAILABIL;Y ( FOOD ON
! TABLES ( ALL CITIZ5S4
,9T]NA;NAL SUPPORT = !
PROVI.N ( BRL PRODUC;N
MAT]IALS IS OBFUSCAT$ BY !
DI6];ES : EXI/ 2T 8DEVELOP+
C.TRIES0 ( : "S >E M WELL TO D
?AN O!RS4 ,? L1VES ! M NE$Y
C.TRIES )\T AID :ILE ^? : C
SUPPLY = _! MO/ CRITICAL NE$S
PROGRESS+6 ,Z AN EXAMPLE1 ,S\?
,AFRICA IS A 8DEVELOP+ C.TRY0
YET X HAS "O ( ! L>GE/
ECONOMIES ON ! 5TIRE ,AFRICAN
*ALL5GES FAC$ #AA
3T95T4 ,! C.TRY HAS L>GE BRL
,PR9T+ ,H\SES : C SUPPLY !
NE$S ( ALL #BB S*OOLS = ! BL1
)9 ! C\RSE ( A YE>1 & ) ! HELP
( SMALL] SCALE BRL PRODUC]S
"<: ALR EXI/">4 ,ON ! 3TR>Y1
"! >E SMALL] ECONOMIES : >E
" AL CALL$ 8DEVELOP+
C.TRIES0 : H V L[ P] CAPITA
RAT+S ON _! ;,,GDP1 M1N+ T X
WD 2 UNLIKELY = !M TO
PRIORITISE BRL PRODUC;N IF X 7
TO 2 PROVID$ AT A CO/ 2Y
4TRIBU;N4 ,?US1 ! 3CEPT (
8DEVELOP+ C.TRIES0 APPLIES TO
! GR\P Z IF X _H ! SAME LEVEL
( DEVELOP;T1 YET R1L;Y %[S !M
Z A V>IEGAT$ L1F4
,ANO!R PROBLEM ) SUPPORT =
BRL PRODUC;N & T1*+ 9 DEVELOP+
C.TRIES IS T !Y D N
MANUFACTURE BRL MA*9ES1 S T !Y
NE$ HELP F TRADI;NAL DONOR
C.TRIES4 ,9 M REC5T YE>S1 X
*ALL5GES FAC$ #AB
HAS EM]G$ T DEVELOP+ C.TRIES
": NA;NAL GOV]N;TS D N FULLY
OBS]VE C]TA9 9T]NA;NALLY
RECOGNIS$ TRADI;NS : >E NEC =
! CR1;N ( A 8SANE0 &
9TELLIGIBLE _W1 "1 RE/RIC;NS >E APPLI$
: 9DIRECTLY SANC;N ! PROVI.N (
! NEC BRL PRODUC;N EQUIP;T1
AM;G O!R ?+S4 ,9 ! PROCESS1 "!
IS FUR!R M>G9ALISA;N ( P]SONS
) VISUAL IMPAIR;T :O NE$ BRL =
BETT] *.ES ( 2+ EMPLOY$ &
SATISFACTORY USE ( LEISURE "T4
#C4 ,PROCESSES T
3/ITUTE
BE/ BRL ,T1*+
PRACTICES
9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES
,T1*+ FOLL[S A CURRICULUM1 :
IS A DESCRIP;N ( A COMMUN;Y'S
LIV$ EXP]I;ES "<,SLATT]Y1
#BJJF3#FC">4 ,! T1*+ ( BRL IS
N[ A 4CUS.N TOPIC >.D _M S*OOL
*ALL5GES FAC$ #AC
(FICES4 ,4CUS.NS C5TRE ON !
CURRICULUM Z A DESCRIP;N (
IMPORTANT S*OOL+ EXP]I;ES1 & !
RELEV.E ( BRL 9 LIE & O!R NON-
BRL US]-9T]FACES = ! BL &
"PIALLY SIGUE
T X IS POSSIBLE = "O TO LE>N
BY SIMPLY LI/5+ TO ! TEXT "O
WANTS TO LE>N & "U/&1 !N IF !Y
WANT TO WRITE ANY?+1 COMPUT]S
>E "! = TYP+ ^W DOCU;TS4 ,IF
S* TEXTS NE$ TO 2 TRANSCRIB$
9TO BRL1 ! SAME 9DIVIDUALS
SIMPLY NE$ TO COMM& ! BRL
EMBOSS] VIA ! COMPUT] & ! JOB
IS D"O4 ,X S.DS T EASY6 ,YET !
P]SON :O WD 2 DO+ ALL T WD N 2
9 A POSI;N TO R1D :AT !Y
EMBOSS4 ,T1*]S ( ! VISUALLY
IMPAIR$ "<,,TVI,'S"> "K T = ^?
:O 7 BORN BL1 BRL CR1TES !
3CEPT ( SPELL+ S9CE X IS
*ALL5GES FAC$ #AD
9TRODUC$ "? ALPHABETICAL BRL
2F SAV+ SPACE BY US+ LIT]AL
BRL4 ,X IS ONLY AF 9TRODUC+ LR
BY LR BRL T A LE>N] C
"PICIPATE 9 SPELL+ & DICTA;N
PRACTICE1 : 9 TURN 5ABLE !M TO
GA9 9DEP5D;E Z PROACTIVE
LE>N]S & PR(ES.NAL WRIT]S4
,^? :O EVADE BRL & 5TIRELY
DEP5D ON SCRE5 R1D]S >E
G5]ALLY "KN TO 2 AW;L SPELL]S1
& !Y H BE5 OBS]V$ TO H FEW]
*.ES = EMPLOY;T ?AN ^? :O WD H
BE5 TAUN+
BRL GOES 2Y SPELL+ & COV]S !
CR1;N ( 3CEPTUAL /RUCTURE :
HELPS ! 9DIVIDUAL /UD5T TO
>RANGE WRITT5 TEXT M1N+;LLY4
,BRL TEXT IS 3CRETE "E
FELT BY T\*">1 S ! WRIT] C
APPRECIATE P]SONAL PRES5TA;N Z
!Y COMP>E ) ! "W ( CLASSMATES4
,ADDI;NAL TO ! CR1;NAL (
*ALL5GES FAC$ #AE
8PATT]N0 "? ! T1*+ ( BRL1 _M
PRE-BRL ACTIVITIES HELP *N
ACQUIRE IMPORTANT SKILLS
RELEVANT TO ! "U/&+ ( O!R
DOMA9S ( K1 S* Z MA!MATICS &
SCI;E4 ,! T1*+ ( BRL ALW MAKES
USE ( ! DEVELOP;T ( SPATIAL
3CEPTS : 9CLUDE LEFT TO "R
ORI5TA;N & ! O!R WAY R.D1 !
DEVELOP;T ( TEXTURE APPRECIA;N
F R\< TO SMOO? & SIZE F V BIG
TO V SMALL "4 ,! SAME 3CEPTS >E
TAU SIMPLY 2C "O HAS
BE5 TAUE
US$ = 8SCRE5-R1D+01 : "O CD
>GUE IS N AT ALL A WAY ( R1D+4
,_M ^WS R1D ! SAME IF "O IS N
A F/ LANGUAGE SP1K] ( !
LANGUAGE ( 9/RUC;N1 : IS !
CASE 9 _M DEVELOP+ C.TRIES4 ,X
*ALL5GES FAC$ #AF
IS ONLY ^? :O H LE>NT SPELL+
:O WD "K ! DI6];E 9 SPELL+
ONCE !Y H 9SPECT$ ! 3TEXT ( !
MAT]IAL 2+ R1D4 ,! "O :O HAS N
LE>NT BRL MAY EXP]I;E PROBLEMS
) SPELL+ ^WS CORRECTLY 2C !
AUDITORY *ANNEL AL"O DOES N
(F] ! /UD5T A MULTIS5SORY
EXP]I;E AF=D$ BY BO? LI/5+ &
LR BY LR TRANSCRIP;N ( ^WS 9TO
BRL SYMBOLS4
,! ABV P>AGRAPH ONLY
HIN]S H A /R;G BE>+ ON !
SU3ESS ( BRL T1*+ 9 S*OOLS4
,LE>N]S >E M R1DY TO "PAKE 9 !
BRL ACTIVITIES IF "! IS
5?USIASM AM;G T1*]S1 Z AN
,AFRICAN SAY+ R1DS 8LOVE IS A
*ALL5GES FAC$ #AG
T1*]04 ,IF ! M VOCAL AT A
S*OOL OR 9 A CURRICULUM PLANN+
(FICE >E ^? :O D N SPECIALISE
9 ! T1*+ ( ! VISUALLY IMPAIR$1
B P]H ONCE "W$ 9 SPECIAL
S*OOLS1 _! VOICE CD C>RY !
DECI.NS ( ! "D1 B X DOES N
NECESS>ILY M1N T !Y WD 2 C>RY+
! BE/ 9T]E/S ( ! * 9 ! GO+
DECI.N4 ,9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES1
SPECIALI/S >E FEW 9 SPECIFIC
>1S ( K S* Z 8VISUAL
IMPAIR;TS0 S T ! "TLY
AVAILABIL;Y ( EXP]T K TO
9FLU;E IMPORTANT CURRICULUM
DECI.NS MAY 2 DI6ICULT TO COME
BY1 L1V+ _M DECI.NS TO 2
IMPLE;T$ ) REGRETS4
,A SPECIFIC PROBLEM :
COMMONLY A6ECTS ! T1*+ ( BRL 9
DEVELOP+ C.TRIES IS ! SC>C;Y (
T1*]S ) WELL-GR.D$ BRL SKILLS4
,9 _M CASES M ?AN HALF ( T1*]S
9 A S*OOL = ! BL MAY H D"O
*ALL5GES FAC$ #AH
RUDI;T>Y BRL TRA9+ !MVS1 P]H )
ONLY ! ALPHABET & "S
PUNCTUA;N4 ,!Y MIEA ( K & EXCELS 9 X IS
PROMOT$ TO S]VE 9 A CAPAC;Y T
DOES N HELP IMPROVE _!
SPECIALI/ SUBJECT1 = EXAMPLE
"O IS PROMOT$ 9TO A POSI;N (
ADM9I/RATIVE RESPONSIBIL;Y 9 !
S*OOL SY/EM4 ,POSI;NS (
PROMO;N 9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES D N
MAKE "O A 8GRT] PRACTI;N] 9 !
CLASSROOM0 :O E>NS Z M* Z ! "O
:O OPTS \ ( ! CLASSROOM &
A3EPTS A PO/ ( ADM9I/RATIVE
RESPONSIBIL;Y4 ,! EXP]I;ED
T1*] "!=E DR1MS ( MOV+ \ ( !
CLASSROOM1 L1V+ ! LESS
EXP]I;ED TO T1* 8:AT !Y D N
*ALL5GES FAC$ #AI
"K04 ,9DE$1 RESE>* 9 O!R
4CIPL9ES ( $UCA;N 3FIRMS T M
EXP]I;ED T1*]S (T5 BE>
NEGATIVE ATTITUDES T[>DS !
T1*+ PRACTICES !Y %D PR(ESS
IN4 ,IF T1*]S CD 2 PROMOT$ )9
_! CLASSROOM NI*E1 = EXAMPLE
BY E/ABLI%+ A PROMO;NAL 8S5IOR
T1*]01 8VICE PR9CIPAL T1*]01
8PR9CIPAL T1*]0 & O!R
8CR1TIVE0 TITLES : G )
PRIVILEGE & F9ANCIAL B5EFITS1
X WD M1N T _M T1*]S )
SPECIALI/ K WD L+] L;G] 9 _!
CLASSROOMS ) SATISFAC;N4 ,!
PURPOSE ( ! PRES5T PRES5TA;N
IS TO AMPLIFY ! VOICE 9
SUPPORT = ! T1*+ ( BRL 9
S*OOLS ) /UD5TS ) VISUAL
IMPAIR;T S T "! WD 2 5
DECI.NAL SUPPORT TO SU/A9 BRL
PRODUC;N4
,9 ! DEVELOP+ _W1 "O P]SI/5T
PROBLEM IS TRA9+4 ,X IS WELL
*ALL5GES FAC$ #BJ
"KN T ! TRA9+ ( SPECIALI/S IS
*1P] ?AN 9 ! DEVELOP$ _W1 O!R
?+S REMA9+ 3/ANT4 ,"K+ Z WE D
T O!R ?+S N"E REMA9 3/ANT1 WE
F9D A PLE?ORA ( COMMUNICA;N &
LOGI/ICAL PROBLEMS4 ,C\RSES :
>E AVAILABLE 9 "O C.TRY >E N
WELL "KN 9 A NEI1 OR P]H TOO EXP5SIVE
OR J SUITABLE = 9DIVIDUALS :O
D>E APPLY4 ,FEW C.TRIES 9 !
DEVELOP+ _W S5D GR\PS ( /UD5TS
TO NEIIAN
CAPACITIES4 ,_M DEVELOP+
C.TRIES >E TEMPT$ TO PUT !
9FRA/RUCTURE DEVELOP;T BUDGET
AT ! TOP ( _! PRIOR;Y LI/S1
PREF]R+ TO 3/RUCT A SOL> P[]
*ALL5GES FAC$ #BA
PLANT1 A NA;NAL GRA9 SILO OR A
DAM1 B N A NA;NAL BRL PR9T+
PRESS4 ,! DI6];E 2T ! OLD
CAPABILITIES ( A S*OOL = ! BL
9 YE/]-YE>S & TD'S S*OOLS IS
R1LIS$ "? R1D+ OLD S*OOL
MAGAZ9ES TO "U/& ]/:ILE BRL
PRODUC;N & T1*+ PRACTICES4
#D4 ,EXPLOR+ T1*]
ATTITUDES
TO BRL PRODUC;N &
T1*+
9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES
,BRL PRODUC;N & T1*+ IS
9FLU;ED BY ! ATTITUDES (
T1*]S4 ,BRL1 Z EXPLA9$ ABV1 IS
FAC+ _M A6RONTS DUE TO
MIS9=MA;N ON ! "P ( G5]ALI/
PR(ES.NALS :O PURPORT TO SP1K
= ALL1 OV]:ELM$ BY NEW
4COV]IES & DEVELOP;TS 9 SCRE5-
R1D] 9T]FACES4 ,"S T1*]S _C
R1D BRL1 S !Y EVADE X BY 5SUR+
T LE>N]S USE O!R WAYS ( LE>N+
*ALL5GES FAC$ #BB
& "U/&+4 ,T1*]S :O SPECIALISE
9 ! $UCA;N ( ! VISUALLY
IMPAIR$ MAY N PURSUE ! T1*+ (
BRL DUE TO ! FACT T 9 DEVELOP+
C.TRIES1 ! TRA9+ ( SPECIALI/
T1*]S IS ADV.ED $UCA;N :
PREP>ES S* T1*]S = PROMO;N4 ,!
PROMO;N ( ^! CADRES L1VES
S*OOLS ) FEW] D$ICAT$
SPECIALI/ T1*]S1 M T1*]S :O >E
N D$ICAT$ TO _! "W & M LE>N]S
:O _C R1D BRL4
#E4 ,SU7E/+
!ORETICAL SOLU;NS TO
! PRODUC;N & T1*+ (
BRL
9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES4
,! MO/ DESIRABLE \TLOOK IS T
) ! ADVANTAGES (F]$ BY BRL 9 !
$UCA;N & EMPLOY;T ( P]SONS )
VISUAL IMPAIR;TS ACR ! _W1
TE*NOLOGICAL ADV.E;T %D 2 SE5
Z A TOOL = ! PRODUC;N & T1*+ (
BRL4 ,Z AN EXAMPLE1 SCRE5
*ALL5GES FAC$ #BC
R1D]S GUIDE BL & "PIALLY SIGE ELECTRONIC BRL EMBOSS]S1
9=M+ ) C]TA9TY ON ! PAGES TO
PR9T & ! PROGRESS !Y WD 2 MAK+
9 ! PR9T+ PROCESS4 ,! SIMPLE
EXAMPLE 9DICATES T SCRE5-R1D+
TE*NOLOGY EASES UP ! PROCESS (
BRL PRODUC;N1 9/1D (
COMPLICAT+ X4 ,?US1 ! METEORIC
BR1K"? 9 TE*NOLOGY HAS "W$
MIRACLES = BO? ^? :O NE$ BRL &
^? :O DEP5D SOLELY ON SCRE5-
R1D] 9T]FACES4 ,"! IS NO TELL+
!N1 T ! TE*NOLOGICAL EXPLO.N T
GAVE RISE TO SCRE5 R1D+ SPELLS
! 5D ( ! BRL ]A4 ,LE>N]S :O >E
SUPPOS$ TO LE>N BRL %D N 2
RESIGN$ TO 8A FATE' ":BY !Y
ONLY 8LI/50 TO TEXTS R1D BY
ELECTRONIC SCRE5 R1D]S4
,ON ! 3TR>Y1 LE>N]S %D 3T9UE
TO B5EFIT F 8R1D+0 :AT IS
8EMBOSS$' 9 BRL1 & PRODUCE _!
*ALL5GES FAC$ #BD
[N BRL4 ,? PAP] IS M1NT TO
ILLUM9ATE ! BRL PRODUC;N &
R1D+ SITUA;N 9 DEVELOP+
C.TRIES4 ,! AUDI;E "H
COMPRISES 9HABITANTS ( BO? !
DEVELOP+ & ! DEVELOP$ _W ,-
ALL ! BETT] TO 9=M BO? !
REGUL> RECIPI5TS & ! USUAL
DONORS ON ! IMPORT.E ( BRL TO
! =M]1 & TO SU7E/ PRACTICES T
MATT] MO/ & TO SOLICIT = M
9SI$ ON EXI/+
TRA9+ 9/ITU;NS S T S"EAL
C.TRIES CD S5D _! /UD5TS =
SPECIALI/ TRA9+ 9 ^? 9/ITU;NS4
_4 ,C.TRIES 9 SPECIFIC
REGIONS CD MAKE AN ANNUAL
BUDGET ALLOCA;N = ! MA9T5.E (
E/ABLI%$ C5TRES & 5SURE
SU/A9ABLE OP]A;N "? 3SI/5T
SUPPORT4
#G4 ,3CLU.N
,? PRES5TA;N HAS %[N T AL?
DEVELOP+ C.TRIES >E N ON A
UNI=M GR[? PA? OR ! SAME LEVEL
( DEVELOP;T1 "! >E "S COMMON
TR5DS 9 ! WAY !Y SET _!
*ALL5GES FAC$ #BF
BUDGET>Y VALUE SY/EMS1 : 9 _M
CASES PLACE $UCA;NAL WELF>E 2L
DEF;E & FOOD SECUR;Y1 AM;G O!R
?+S6 ,? TR5D M1NS $UCA;NAL
CO/S S* Z ! IMPORTA;N ( BRL
EQUIP;T & /A;N]Y 2COMES A
LUXURY1 AM;G O!R *OICES4
,EQUALLY1 ! TRA9+ ( T1*]S TO
T1* BRL TO /UD5TS 9 NE$ ( S*
SKILLS 2COMES A LUXURY4
,! PROCURE;T ( BRL MA*9]Y &
TRA9+ ( T1*]S >E N ! ONLY
IMPORTANT ?+S 9 SU/A9ABLE
SPECIAL NE$ PROVI.N4 ,"! IS
NE$ = ! TRA9+ ( "W]S :O REPAIR
BRL PRODUC;N EQUIP;T Z WELL4
,^! PROVI.NS >E MADE POSSIBLE
BY ! POLICY PLANN+ FUNC;NS (
GOV]N;TS 9 DEVELOP+ C.TRIES4
"33333333333