,,,T1*+ AM]ICAN 5GLI% S.DS TO BL & L[ VI.N LE>N]S US+ ASSI/IVE TE*NOLOGY,' ,M>ITZA ,M$9A ,GONZALEZ ,,MA 9 ,,TESOL ,MI*IGAN ,/ATE ,UNIV]S;Y ,,AB/RACT ,? PROJECT 0 DESIGN$ TO IMPROVE ! 9CLUSIVE NATURE ( C\RSES ON LANGUAGE LE>N+ & T1*+ "? ! CR1;N ( ,ADAPTIVE ,5GLI% ,PHONETIC TOOLS "<,,ADEPT"> TO PROVIDE BETT] A3ESS TO ! ,9T]NA;NAL ,PHONETIC ,ALPHABET "<,,IPA"> SYMBOLS & ! S.DS !Y REPRES5T = BL & L[ VI.N LE>N]S & T1*]S ( ,AM]ICAN ,5GLI% Z A SECOND OR =EIGN LANGUAGE4 ,? APPROA* 9VOLV$ ! 9TEGRA;N ( AUDITORY & TACTUAL 9=MA;N TO FACILITATE ! DEVELOP;T ( PHONOLOGICAL LIT]ACY BAS$ ON ! #A E6ECTIVE;S ( MULTIS5SORY TRA9+ PROTOCOLS4 ,,ADEPT 3SI/S ( SETS ( TACTILE ,,IPA SYMBOL C>DS1 & A COMPANION WEBSITE BAS$ ON ! ,UNIV]SAL ,DESIGN = ,LE>N+ FRAME"W4 ,EA* ,,IPA SYMBOL C>D 9CLUDES ! SYMBOL1 XS TYPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIP;N1 & A REF];E NUMB] ASSOCIAT$ ) ! WEBSITE "4 ,! WEBSITE 9CLUDES PR9T$ & AUDIO-RECORD$ 9=MA;N ON ! >TICULA;N ( ,AM]ICAN ,5GLI% 3SONANTS & V[ELS ) RECORD+S ( EA* S.D 9 ISOLA;N & 9 SAMPLE ^WS4 ,! P$AGOGICAL E6ICACY ( ^! TOOLS 0 TE/$ ) #BA ADULT LE>N]S ( ,5GLI% 9 ,COLOMBIA ) A FOCUS ON V[EL PRODUC;N4 ,A PRETE/-PO/TE/ DESIGN 9VOLV+ ! DELAY$ REPETI;N TE*NIQUE 0 US$4 ,LE>N]S' PRODUC;NS ( %ORT S5T;ES ) MULTIPLE EXEMPL>S ( ,AM]ICAN ,5GLI% V[ELS 7 #B AUDIO-RECORD$4 ,NATIVE-SP1K] RAT+S REV1L$ A SIGNIFICANT IMPROVE;T 9 LE>N]S' PRONUNCIA;N AF #AJ WEEKS ( 9/RUC;N4 ,QUALITATIVE DATA 9CLUD$ PRE- & PO/-/UDY 9T]VIEWS & ! RESE>*]'S 9/RUC;NAL NOTES4 ,LE>N]S DESCRIB$ ! AUDITORY-TACTUAL APPROA* Z 89VALUABLE04 ,FIELD TE/+ ( ! SYMBOL C>DS 9DICAT$ T !Y %D 2 #C,D PR9T$ = SU/A9ABIL;Y4 ,9 SUM1 ,,ADEPT C FACILITATE A COLLABORATIVE LE>N+ 5VIRON;T = SIE PRODUC$1 TRANSMITT$1 & P]CVD"> IS CRITICAL TO ! G5]AL /UDY ( LANGUAGE1 & M SPECIFICALLY1 ! 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ORAL SKILLS1 2COME M COGNIZANT ( _! [NABILITIES1 & "U/& BETT] ! IMPORT.E ( ! PRODUC;N & P]CEP;N ( ! DI6]5T S.DS T %APE ! ,5GLI% LANGUAGE4 #E ,,,OV]VIEW ( ! /UDY,' ,! CURR5T /UDY _H ?REE MA9 OBJECTIVES4 ,! F/ 0 TO DEVELOP SETS ( TACTILE MAT]IALS APPROPRIATE = VISUALLY IMPAIR$ LE>N]S ( ,5GLI% TO HELP !M LE>N ,,IPA SYMBOLS & ! S.DS !Y REPRES5T 9 ,AM]ICAN ,5GLI%4 ,^! MAT]IALS NE$$ TO 2 DESIGN$ S !Y CD 2 EASILY REPRODUC$ = USE 9 A RANGE ( $UCA;NAL 3TEXTS1 & Z 9EXP5SIVELY Z POSSIBLE4 ,! SECOND OBJECTIVE 0 TO DESIGN AN A3ESSIBLE COMPANION WEBSITE FOLL[+ ,,UDL GUIDEL9ES TO 2 US$ BY LE>N]S 9 3JUNC;N ) ! TACTILE MAT]IALS4 ,BY PUTT+ ^! TOOLS TGR1 ,,ADEPT "<,ADAPTIVE ,5GLI% ,PHONETIC ,TOOLS"> 0 CR1T$4 ,! ?IRD OBJECTIVE 0 TO TE/ ! P$AGOGICAL E6ICACY ( ? MULTIS5SORY " 9PUT ) A #F VISUALLY IMPAIR$ LE>N] POPULA;N4 ,SPECIFICALLY1 X 0 IMPORTANT TO DET]M9E IF ! TOOLS RESULT$ 9 SIGNIFICANT IMPROVE;T 9 LE>N]S' ,5GLI% PRONUNCIA;N1 & H[ !Y RESPOND$ TO _! USE4 ,TO ADDRESS ! /UDY'S OBJECTIVES1 BO? QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE RESE>* ME?ODS 7 EMPLOY$4 ,A PRETE/-PO/TE/ DESIGN 0 US$ TO ASSESS ! IMPACT ( TRA9+ ON LE>N]S' ,5GLI% PRONUNCIA;N ) A FOCUS ON ,AM]ICAN ,5GLI% V[ELS1 : >E M *ALL5G+ ?AN 3SONANTS = ,L#A ,SPANI% SP1K]S4 ,? DATA COLLEC;N S]V$ TO FIELD TE/ ,,ADEPT ) ,,EFL LE>N]S4 ,2C ! /UDY 0 N DESIGN$ TO COMP>E 9/RUC;NAL ME?ODS1 NO ATTEMPT 0 MADE TO E/ABLI% A 3TROL GR\P4 ,QUALITATIVE DATA 9CLUD$ PRE- & PO/-TRA9+ 9T]VIEWS ) ! LE>N]S1 ! #G 9/RUCTOR'S DAILY RECORDS KEPT DUR+ ! TRA9+ P]IOD1 & ! LE>N]S' ORAL & WRITT5 FE$BACK ON ! P]CVD VALUE ( ! TRA9+ MAT]IALS & PROC$URE4 #H ,,ADEPT ,,COMPON5TS #A4 ,TACTUAL ,,IPA SYMBOL C>DS3 ,F\R SETS ( #DE TACTILE ,,IPA SYMBOL C>DS 7 PREP>$4 ,EA* SET 9CLUD$ SYMBOLS = ! 3SONANTS & V[ELS F.D 9 ,AM]ICAN ,5GLI% Z ? 0 ! ,5GLI% V>IETY ( 9T]E/ TO ! "PICIPANTS 9 ! /UDY4 ,! SYMBOLS PRIM>ILY REPRES5T$ ! PHONEMIC 9V5TORY AL? ADDI;NAL C>DS 7 CR1T$ BAS$ ON ! DI6ICULTIES T "S FREQU5TLY O3URR+ S.DS PRES5T = _M ,L#B ,5GLI% LE>N]S1 9CLUD+ NATIVE ,SPANI% SP1K]S2 = EXAMPLE1 A C>D 0 PREP>$ = EA* VOICE.S ASPIRAT$ /OP "1 ! FLAP "1 ;R-COLOR$ " V[ELS "1 & EA* DIPH?;G " "4 ,! FRONT & BACK MID V[ELS 7 AL TR1T$ Z DIPH?;GS " & ."> FOLL[+ ,LADEFOG$ & ,4N] "<#BJAB">4 ,9 ! UPP] LEFT CORN] ( EA* C>D1 A SEQU;E NUMB] 0 PR9T$ Z A TACTILE NUM]ICAL "*1 AL;G ) XS ,BRL REPRES5TA;N4 ,? SEQU;E NUMB] REF]R$ ! US] TO ADDI;NAL 9=MA;N ON ! COMPANION WEBSITE "4 ,! TACTILE ,,IPA SYMBOL1 0 C5TRALLY LOCAT$ ) XS CORRESPOND+ REPRES5TA;N 9 ,BRL TO ! "R4 ,2L ! SYMBOL 0 ! TYPOGRAPHICAL DESCRIP;N 9 ,BRL ) XS /&>D OR?OGRAPHY REPRES5TA;N4 ,9 DO+ S1 ! 9=MA;N ON EA* ( ^! C>DS 0 A3ESSIBLE TO BO? SIN+4 #B4 ,COMPANION ,WEBSITE3 ,A WEBSITE 0 DEVELOP$ #AJ BY ,9FO ,9NOVA 9 ,COLOMBIA TO 2 US$ 9 3JUNC;N ) ! ,,IPA PHONETIC SYMBOL C>DS AL? ! SITE C 2 US$ 9DEP5D5TLY "4 ,X 0 ORGANIZ$ AC TO ?REE CRIT]IA3 A"> ! 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NUMB] ( T>GET V[EL S.DS ATTEMPT$ BY EA* ( ! REMA9+ #AG "PICIPANTS 0 TABULAT$ & US$ Z ! NUMB] #AB ( POSSIBLE PO9TS = A GIV5 S5T;E4 ,"PICIPANTS 7 N P5ALIZ$ = FAIL+ TO PRODUCE A SPECIFIC T>GET 2C X CD H BE5 DUE TO R1SONS O!R ?AN PRODUC;N ABIL;Y S* Z LIMITA;NS 9 MEMORY RECALL4 ,RAT] JUDG;TS 7 EVALUAT$ = 9T]-RAT] RELIABIL;Y US+ 9TRACLASS CORRELA;N COE6ICI5T4 ,CRONBA*'S ALPHA 0 V GD AT #4IH4 ,A M1N SCORE 0 !N CALCULAT$ = EA* S5T;E PRODUC$ BY EA* "PICIPANT 9 ! PRETE/ & PO/TE/4 ,P]C5T CORRECT 0 !N CALCULAT$ = EA* "PICIPANT TO REPRES5T PRODUC;N A3URACY Z A PROPOR;N ( ! TOTAL ATTEMPTS MADE 9 ! PRETE/ & PO/TE/4 ,9 "S CASES1 A "PICIPANT CD N RECALL A SPECIFIC ^W B SUB/ITUT$ "O ( SIMIL> M1N+4 ,! SUB/ITU;N 0 9CLUD$ 9 ! ANALYSIS IF ! ^W 3TA9$ ! T>GET V[EL4 ,= EXAMPLE1 #AC SUB/ITU;N ( ! ^W 8JOB0 = "W 0 N 9CLUD$1 B SUB/ITU;N ( 8>.D0 = "?\T 9 ! PHRASE "?\T ! _W 0 9CLUD$ Z 0 ! SUB/ITU;N ( ! ^W 8GOV]N;T0 = GOV]NOR 2C ! T>GET V[EL 0 PRES5T4 ,^! M1N+-BAS$ SUB/ITU;NS 7 AL AN 9DICA;N T AT L1/ "S ( ! "PICIPANTS 7 FOCUS$ ON M1N+ V]SUS =M DUR+ ! TASK4 ,? FOCUS 0 AL EVID5T :5 A "PICIPANT RESORT$ TO ,SPANI% 9 ORD] TO EXPRESS ! M1N+ ( A S5T;E2 ? O3URR$ ONLY TWICE4 ,9 ADDI;N TO ! QUANTITATIVE DATA1 ?REE 9/RU;TS PROVID$ 9=MA;N ON ! "PICIPANTS' P]SPECTIVES ON ! TRA9+ PROGRAM & RECOMM5DA;NS = FUTURE USE3 A"> TWO 9T]VIEWS ) ! "PICIPANTS "<"O AT ! 2G9N+ & ! O!R AT ! 5D ( ! /UDY2 ;B"> ! T1*] NOTES WRITT5 AF EA* TRA9+ SES.N1 & ;C"> A COLLEC;N ( COM;TS S5T BY ! /UD5TS BY EMAIL4 #AD ,,3CLU.NS ,! T1*+ ( LANGUAGE IS SIMIL> ACR ALL K9DS ( /UD5TS4 ,4ABILITIES >E N OB/ACLES TO LANGUAGE LE>N+ ) GD MAT]IALS & 9/RUC;NAL ME?ODS T PROVIDE AN 9CLUSIVE ,,ESL OR ,,EFL CLASSROOM4 ,MULTIS5SORY 9PUT1 :E!R A COMB9A;N ( AUDITORY1 VISUAL1 &_/OR TACTUAL1 5RI*ES LANGUAGE ACQUISI;N Z D COOP]ATIVE LE>N+ 5VIRON;TS & ! PROCESS ( EMP[]+ LE>N]S BY GIV+ !M A TRUE S5SE ( ! PURPOSE ( LE>N+ ANO!R LANGUAGE4 ,LANGUAGE T1*]S "EY": C 5C\RAGE 9 _! CLASSROOMS ! RELEV.E ( PHONETIC /UDY TO IMPROVE ORAL SKILLS 9 ANY LANGUAGE & ! IMPORT.E ( COOP]ATIVE LE>N+ TO 9CORPORATE A TRUE 5VIRON;T ( 9CLUSIVE $UCA;N4 #AE